Knife opener for use with an agricultural implement

ABSTRACT

A knife opener includes a pair of flared blades designed to cut spaced, but paired furrows. The knife opener is particularly well-suited for use in no-till or minimum-till agricultural operations primarily in conjunction with seed and/or fertilizer placement adjacent a soil cut-line generally in the direction of travel. In addition to being angled away from the main body of the knife, one of the blades is angled forward and the other blade is angled rearward. Seed and/or fertilizer dispensing receivers may be associated with each of the blades.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of U.S. Ser. No.12/203,269, filed Sep. 3, 2008.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to knife opener which may be used as partof no-till or minimum-till farming practices primarily for placement inthe ground of seed and/or fertilizer and other materials.

Important advantages have been found in soil preparation, and seed andfertilizer delivery in employing no-tilling or minimum tilling methodswhich cause minimum disturbance to the soil. This is particularlyimportant in drier soil conditions where the soil is subject to moistureand topsoil loss if conventional tilling methods are used. It is usuallydesirable when employing no-till farming practices to disturb the soilsurface as little as possible. The surface will be covered with theresidue from previous crops, and the surface layer will contain old rootstructure. This plant material can serve to retain moisture below thesurface and to assist in securing the soil against runoff and erosion.

Fertilizer is commonly used to improve crop yields. Broadcasting thefertilizer on the surface is a method that does not disturb the surface,but it can be inefficient as much of the fertilizer can be lost due torunoff surface water. As such, a number of soil bed preparation toolshave been developed that are designed to place fertilizer directly inthe soil. An example of such a device is a double shoot air drill whichenables seed and fertilizer to be deposited as a knife, coulter or otherdevice is towed through the soil.

Zero till or minimum till devices have been developed to deposit highconcentrations of fertilizer in the furrows formed by the knife or otherfurrowing tool. If the seed is placed in close proximity to a highconcentration of fertilizer, burning of the newly germinated plant canresult. Thus, with higher fertilizer concentrations, it is generallydesired to space the fertilizer from the seed, either laterally and/orvertically.

As noted above, one type of furrow opening tool is a knife. To achieveadequate separation either vertically or horizontally with a knife hasrequired the knife to occupy a relatively large amount of space eitherin the soil or above the soil. In the case of the former, the knifeopens a relatively large furrow thereby resulting in greater soildisturbance. In the case of the latter, the flow of residue around theknife can be impeded.

If the flow of residue is impeded that residue tends to collect aroundthe knife and is dragged with the knife as the implement is towed. Notonly can this residue collection impair operation of the implement, italso removes the desired moisture retaining cover that may be providedby the residue.

Another type of furrowing device is a coulter or disk opener. While diskopeners have the ability to cut through most residue, some crop residue,such as straw, may not cut easily, and as a result may be pushed intothe furrow, a result commonly called hair-pinning. This can displaceseeds, as well as drying out the seed bed. Additionally, effectiveno-till disc openers can be quite costly.

Thus, there remains a need for a knife opener that cuts a furrow withreduced soil disturbance yet provides the desired spacing for higherconcentrations of fertilizer. There is also a need for such a knifeopener which provides tilling and/or seeding, fertilizing, or weedclearing in a single pass without significant trash accumulation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a ground opening knife for use in no-till orminimum-till farming operations primarily in conjunction with seedand/or fertilizer placement adjacent a soil cut-line generally in thedirection of travel. The knife opener has a pair of cutting members orblades flared in opposite directions from one another relative to avertical axis of the knife. In addition to be angled away from the mainbody of the opener, one of the cutting members is angled forward of themain body. Conversely, the other cutting member is angled rearward ofthe main body. These forward and rearward cutting members are designedto cut respective furrows into which seed and/or fertilizer may bedeposited. As such, in one embodiment, respective product dispensingtubes are mounted to the opener and are designed to deposit particulatematter, such as seed and fertilizer, in the furrow as the cuttingmembers cut through the soil.

The invention also provides a no-till or minimum-till farm implementprimarily for use in conjunction with cultivation or materials placementadjacent a plurality of soil cut-lines generally parallel and in thedirection of travel comprising a support frame structure, a plurality ofground opening knives attached to the support structure spaced from eachother in a direction transverse to the direction of travel of theimplement and each adapted to cut the soil along adjacent cut-lines.Each knife has a pair of flared cutting members.

Other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will becomeapparent to those skilled in the art from the following detaileddescription and accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however,that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicatingpreferred embodiments of the present invention, are given by way ofillustration and not of limitation. Many changes and modifications maybe made within the scope of the present invention without departing fromthe spirit thereof, and the invention includes all such modifications.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in theaccompanying drawings in which like reference numerals represent likeparts throughout.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of an agricultural implementincorporating knife openers according to one embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a knife opener for use with the implementshown in FIG. 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front elevation view of the knife opener shown in FIG. 2;and

FIG. 4 is a side elevation view of the knife opener shown in FIG. 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows an air hoe drill 10 designed to form multiple furrows in asurface, e.g., farm field, and deposit seed and/or fertilizer in thefurrows. The air hoe drill 10 is representative of one type ofagricultural implement with which the present invention may be used.Generally, the drill 10 includes a frame 12 coupled in a known manner toa tow bar 14 that facilitates attachment of the frame 14 to a tractor(not shown) or other towing vehicle. The frame 12 is supported above theplanting surface S by a series of forward wheels 16 and rear packingwheels 18. As known in the art, the packing wheels 18 not only supportthe frame 12 but also serve to pack the furrows after seed and/orfertilizer has been deposited. In this regard, the packing wheels 18 arealigned with a series of knife openers 20 that are mounted in a knownmanner to the frame 12. The depth of the knife openers 20 can be set andadjusted by raising and lowering the frame 12 relative to the wheels 16,18 as known in the art. In one representative embodiment, the knifeopeners 20 are equally spaced from one another in a direction transverseto the path of travel of the drill 10. The drill 10 further includes anair cart 22 that includes a tank 24 for carrying seed and/or fertilizer.The particulate is fed from the tank 24 to the furrows using seed tubes26 that are associated with the knife openers. One skilled in the artwill appreciate that the air hoe drill shown in FIG. 1 is merelyrepresentative of one type of agricultural implement that canincorporate the present invention. For example, the invention may alsobe applicable with a precision air hoe drill where the frame issupported by a set of forward wheels and a set of rearward wheels, andhaving a series of trailing arms and/or parallel links to which knifeopeners such as those described herein may be substantially attachedtogether with packer wheels.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a representative knife opener 20 according tothe present invention is shown. While a single knife opener 20 will bedescribed, it is appreciated that the other knife openers of the drill10 shown in FIG. 1 are similarly constructed. The knife opener 20includes a shank 26 which may be mounted to the frame 12 in a knownfashion. The shank 26 preferably has a pair of holes 28 adapted toreceive fasteners (not shown), e.g., mounting bolts, for attaching theknife opener 20 to the frame 12.

Knife opener 20 includes a forward biased blade 30 formed to penetratethe soil along a soil-cut line oriented in the direction of travel.Knife opener 20 further includes a rearward biased blade 32 that isformed to penetrate the soil along a separate soil-cut line oriented inthe direction of travel. Each of the blades 30, 32 is flared away fromthe shank 26 and, as such, each blade penetrates the soil alongrespective, but generally parallel soil-cut lines. In this regard, thesoil-cut lines are paired with one another but spaced to accommodate adesired spacing between fertilizer and seed.

Adjacent the respective backsides of blades 30, 32 are seed tubereceivers 34, 36, respectively. Receiver 34 has an inlet 38 adapted toreceive a seed tube or hose (not shown) that is fluidly linked with thetank 24 of the air seeder 22. The receiver 34 further has an outlet 40or mouth that is disposed generally behind blade 30. Particulate matteris fed, generally by forced air, from the tank through the seed tubes tothe outlet 40 whereupon the matter is deposited in the furrow created byblade 30. Similarly, receiver 36 has an inlet 42 adapted to receive aseed tube or hose (not shown) that is fluidly linked with the tank 24 ofthe air seeder 22. The receiver 36 has an outlet 44 or mouth that isdisposed generally behind blade 32. Particulate matter is fed, generallyby forced air, from the tank through the seed tube to the outlet 44whereupon the matter is deposited in the furrow created by blade 32. Thereceivers 32 and 36 are placed such that the respective outlets 40 and44 are generally in plane with the lowermost surfaces of blades 30 and32, respectively. Placement of the receivers behind the blades alsoserves to protect the receivers, and the seed tubes received therein,from damage during the seeding or fertilizing process.

As described above, blades 30 and 32 are flared relative to shank 26, asfurther illustrated in FIG. 3. In one representative embodiment, theshank 26 has an upper portion 26 a and a lower portion 26 b that arejoined together by an angled portion 26 c. The lower portion 26 bgenerally extends about a vertical axis 46 and the blades 30, 32 extenddownwardly from the lower portion 26 b and angled relative to thevertical axis 46. As shown in FIG. 4, the profile of the lower portion26 b has an inwardly angled portion 26 b′ and an outwardly angledportion 26 b″; however, it is understood that the invention is not solimited. For example, in one alternate embodiment the lower portion 26 bis faceted such that the leading edge of lower portion 26 b is curved.

In one preferred embodiment, the inside edge 48 of blade 30 is angledrelative to the vertical axis 46 at angle of approximately 25 degrees;but it is understood that the blade 30 could be formed to extend atother angles. However, it is generally preferred that the angle α bebetween approximately 15 degrees and approximately 60 degrees. Blade 32is angled relative the vertical axis, as defined by its inner edge 50,at a preferred angle β of 30 degrees but it is understood that the blade32 could be formed to be angled at other angles. However, it isgenerally preferred that the angle β be between approximately 15 degreesand approximately 60 degrees

Referring now to FIG. 4, in addition to its flared orientation, shanks30 and 32 are also biased in a forward direction and a rearwarddirection, respectively. More particularly, the backside of the shankgenerally defines a vertical axis 50 and the angle γ defined between thevertical axis 50 and the leading edge 52 of the blade 30 is preferablyapproximately 35 degrees, but other angular orientations are possible.Preferably, the angle γ is between approximately 15 degrees andapproximately 60 degrees. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the leading edge 52of blade 30 has a tip portion 54 and the angle γ is measured between thetip portion 54 and the vertical axis 50.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, preferably the cutting edge 52 of blade 30 issignificantly in advance of the lower portion 26 b of the shank 26.Deeper soil is cut and lifted in advance of cutting the surface soilallowing the surface to be cut more easily and without undue lateraldisruption. In addition, vertical motion is limited. Moreover, the blade30 cuts through the surface and trash layers without accumulating trashon the shank 26.

The rearward extending blade 32 also has a leading edge 56 and theleading edge 56 extends along an imaginary axis 58 that is angledrelative to the vertical axis 50 at an angle δ. In one preferredembodiment, the angle δ is approximately 60 degrees; however, otherangles are possible. It is generally preferred however that the angle δfall between approximately 15 degrees and approximately 75 degrees. Asfurther illustrated in FIGS. 3-4, in a preferred embodiment, the bottomedge 60 of blade 30 sits lower than the bottom edge 62 of blade 32.Thus, blade 30 cuts a furrow that is deeper than the furrow cut by blade32. This allows a stratification in the vertical plane of seed andfertilizer in the paired furrows. It is appreciated however that theblades 30, 32 could be oriented so that the bottom edges 60, 62 are inthe same plane and thus cut furrows of substantially the same depth.

In one representative embodiment, the width of the furrow cut by blade30 is the same as that cut by blade 32, but it is contemplated that theblades 30, 32 could be sized such that different sized furrows are cut.

Referring again to FIG. 4, not only are the blades 30 and 32 flared withrespect to vertical axis 46 and angled with respect to vertical axis 50,the blades also have respective pitch angles or “rake angles”. In apreferred embodiment, blade 30 has a rake angle ε between approximately0 degrees and approximately 15 degrees, and preferably 2 degrees.Similarly, blade 32 has a rake angle θ between approximately 0 degreesand approximately 15 degrees, and preferably 2 degrees.

The flared blades 30, 32 are designed such that each blade temporarilylifts a flap of soil then the flaps are lowered gently back after theknife opener is passed. Seed and/or fertilizer is deposited and ispreferably covered as the flap settles back. As a result, the layers ofthe soil are preserved, during seeding and fertilizing. Thus, it ispossible to plant seed or lay fertilizer without disturbing thestratification of the soil. It may be noted that the press wheels 18 maypress the flaps back down, and assist in the maintenance of thestratification.

It is further understood that the invention is not limited to the exactshapes, sizes and orientations shown and described herein. For example,the blades may be shaped to have a rounded or blunted leading tip ratherthan the pointed tip shown in the figures. Similarly, the leading edgeof the shank may be rounded, planar, or other geometrical shape. Inaddition, it is contemplated that one or more known or to be developedmanufacturing techniques may be used to construct the soil preparationtool shown and described herein. For example, the blades could be weldedto the shank or the blades and shank could be cast as a single unitarystructure. It is also recognized that the individual components of theknife openers described herein may be coupled in a known manner wherebythe individual components can be removed and/or replaced as desired.

Maintenance of soil stratification is important in currently-favoredminimum-till farming regimes because moisture in the layers a fewcentimeters down is not dissipated, weed seeds on the surface remain onthe surface and do not germinate, and stalks and vegetation at thesurface remain intact providing cover and moisture retention.

Various alternatives and embodiments are contemplated as being withinthe scope of the following claims particularly pointing out anddistinctly claiming the subject matter regarded as the invention.

1. A soil preparation tool for use with an agricultural implement,comprising: a tool body shank having an upper portion, a lower portionand an angled portion; said upper and lower portion are joined togetherat said angled portion; said lower portion extends about a verticalaxis; a forward biased blade connected to the lower portion of said toolbody shank and extending downwardly and forward and angled away from thevertical axis at a first angle relative to the vertical axis; and arearward biased blade connected to the lower portion of said tool bodyshank and extending rearward and downwardly and angled away from thevertical axis at a second angle relative to the vertical axis; whereinsaid rearward biased blade is smaller than said forward biased blade;wherein said forward biased blade laterally offset in a first directionand the rearward biased blade laterally offset in a second directiongenerally opposite the first direction.
 2. The soil preparation tool ofclaim 1 further comprising a product delivery device coupled to thevertical body and associated with one of the first knife member and thesecond knife member.
 3. The soil preparation tool of claim 2 furthercomprising another product delivery device coupled to the vertical bodyand associated with the other one of the first knife member and thesecond knife member.
 4. The soil preparation tool of claim 3 wherein theproduct delivery devices are designed to deposit seed or fertilizer ontoa field.
 5. The soil preparation tool of claim 1 wherein the first angleis between approximately 15 degrees and approximately 60 degrees fromthe vertical axis.
 6. The soil preparation tool of claim 1 wherein thesecond angle is between approximately 15 degrees and approximately 60degrees.
 7. The soil preparation tool of claim 1 wherein the first knifemember has a rake angle between approximately 0 to approximately 15degrees.
 8. The soil preparation tool of claim 1 wherein the secondknife member has a rake angle between approximately 0 to approximately15 degrees.
 9. An agricultural implement comprising: a frame adapted tobe coupled to a towing vehicle; a tool body shank coupled to the frame;and a tillage device mounted to the tool body shank, the tillage deviceincluding a first tillage member and a second tillage member, the firsttillage member laterally offset in a first direction and the secondtillage member laterally offset in a second direction generally oppositethe first direction; said second tillage member is smaller than thefirst tillage member.
 10. The agricultural implement of claim 9 furthercomprising a first seed tube mounted to the tillage device andassociated with the first tillage member.
 11. The agricultural implementof claim 10 further comprising a second seed tube mounted to the tillagedevice and associated with the second tillage member.
 12. Theagricultural implement of claim 9 wherein the first and the secondtillage members are each a knife.
 13. The agricultural implement ofclaim 9 wherein the tillage device has a generally upright body having avertical axis that is generally parallel to a path of travel of theframe and wherein the first tillage member is angled away from thevertical axis of the body along at an angle between approximately 15degrees and approximately 60 degrees and wherein the second tillagemember is angled away from the vertical axis of the body at an anglebetween approximately 15 degrees and approximately 60 degrees.
 14. Theagricultural implement of claim 13 wherein the first tillage member hasa leading edge that extends forward of the upright body at an anglebetween approximately 15 degrees and approximately 60 degrees.
 15. Theagricultural implement of claim 13 wherein the second tillage member hasa leading edge that extends rearward of the upright body at an anglebetween approximately 15 degrees and approximately 75 degrees.
 16. Theagricultural implement of claim 9 wherein the first tillage member has arake angle that is between approximately 0 degrees and approximately 15degrees and the second tillage member has a rake angle that is betweenapproximately 0 degrees and approximately 15 degrees.
 17. Anagricultural tillage assembly comprising: a frame having a tow bar forinterconnection with a towing vehicle adapted to tow the frame along apath of travel; a plurality of shanks extending from the frame; and aplurality of seed units mounted to the plurality of shanks, wherein eachseed unit includes: a mounting member for coupling the seed unit to arespective one of the shanks; a first cutting member flared from themounting member in a first direction; and a second cutting member flaredfrom the mounting member in a second direction that is generallyopposite from the first direction; wherein said second cutting member issmaller than said first cutting member.
 18. The assembly of claim 17wherein the mounting member has a vertical component extending along avertical axis and wherein the first cutting member is flared from themounting member at a first angle that is between approximately 15degrees and approximately 60 degrees relative to the vertical axis. 19.The assembly of claim 17 wherein the mounting member has a verticalcomponent extending along a vertical axis and wherein the second cuttingmember is flared from the mounting member at a first angle that isbetween approximately 15 degrees and approximately 60 degrees relativeto the vertical axis.
 20. The assembly of claim 17 further comprising aseed tube mounted to a trailing edge of the first cutting member andadapted to deposit seed or fertilizer generally behind the first cuttingmember as the first cutting member is towed through soil.
 21. Theassembly of claim 17 further comprising a seed tube mounted to atrailing edge of the second cutting member and adapted to deposit seedor fertilizer generally behind the second cutting member as the secondcutting member is towed through soil.